In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. Define, recognize, build and draw a closed circuit. Students learn about current electricity and necessary conditions for the existence of an electric current. Student Exploration: Circuits (ANSWER KEY) Download Student Exploration: Circuits Vocabulary: ammeter, circuit, current, electron, ohmmeter, Ohm’s law, parallel circuit, resistance, resistor, series circuit, voltage Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 4), Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Education or National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. Circuit Builder. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), (Grade In parallel? Learning Circuits is a free website to help 4th Grade, primary age, young children to learn about circuits and electricity. 8A Circuit Lab Directions. Next to each definition draw a circuit — with one bulb, one battery and wire — that is either open or closed. Go to the following LINK: In the right margin there are links that will take you to various sections to learn about electricity. We use cookies to improve your experience on this website, to show adverts and analyse traffic. However, things can happen that will stop the electrons from moving and turn off the light bulb. Well, today you will solve this "mystery" during the activity. Thousands of different circuits can be built with this Gizmo. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. When the batteries wear out, dispose of them at a hazardous waste disposal site. (Answer: The battery and wire were warm.) I understand! Series & Parallel Circuits PhET Lab.doc - https\\/phet.colorado.edu\\/sims\\/html\\/circuit-construction-kit-dc Phet Simulation Series Circuits Parallel. (Answer: None. $4.25. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. What happens if bulbs are connected in series? Use correct operations and appropriate methods to solve Ohm's law problems. Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? 02 - LAB Electrostatic Series.docx (32k) Jennifer … Analog & digital circuit simulations in seconds. OK . 2. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; No set-up required! Try to connect the battery, light bulb, light bulb holder and two pieces of wire so the bulb lights up. A simple simulation that shows how a sodium chloride crystal dissolves. Feb 25, 2018 - Incorporate TECHNOLOGY into your next electricity lesson with this PRINT & GO virtual lab activity and web-quest (with answer key). What might possibly stop electrons from moving? Do all this without the fear of being electrocuted (as long as you don't use your computing device in the bath tub). Community × NGSpice … ), How many connections to the battery are necessary for the light bulb to light up? (Answer: The lamp worked and the light bulb lit up.). Add resistors, light bulbs, wires and ammeters to build a circuit, Explore Ohm's law. This activity gives students the opportunity to practice building simple series and parallel circuits via an online … The Trendy Science Teacher. 2. … Or, have you ever watched an adult change a light bulb in a lamp or light fixture? Strings of holiday lights can be designed in one of two ways. Do you agree with this alignment? Some questions are direct answers in the text while others will require some inference. An open circuit is a circuit with a break in the path, so that charge is unable to move. Can you imagine life without some of these items that we rely on for everyday tasks and entertainment? A connection to the positive terminal and a connection to the negative terminal. Launch it instantly with one click. Nigel Cookies help us deliver our services. Parallel RC Circuits The parallel RC circuit is generally of less interest than the series circuit. Circuits can be found in music players, computers, video games, appliances, microwaves, phones, televisions, cameras, medical equipment, vehicles and so many more products. electricty_lab.pdf : File Size: 2082 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File #15 Mastery Check in the GCR. All answers are included on the given websites and do not require students to click links on the side of the page (except to continue at the bottom of some websites). Any path through which charges can move is called an electric circuit. 14 - Worksheet calculations, series and parallel circuits ANSWERS.pdf. Create New Preset How do Presets Work? Do you agree with this alignment? If you have trouble loading, click this link to go to the pHet site and run the simulation from there. All About Static Electricity, Charge It! Ask the students to compare the brightness of the bulbs in each circuit. It may take a minute to load, so be patient. What is voltage? Examine series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and the effects of battery voltage. Most curricular materials in TeachEngineering are hierarchically organized; www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_electricity_lesson03_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, Take Charge! Options vary with different browsers. Students will learn about the different forms of energy and … The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. Algebra, Physical Science. (Answer: Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. Save. Worksheet/Pairs Check: Have students work in pairs on the Completing the Circuit Worksheet. Click to run the simulation. Build Your Own Lab Interfaces. Circuit Builder. Ask students to predict which of the three will be the brightest. The combination of electrical components can perform various simple and compound electrical operations. Again, remove about 1/4-3/8 in (approx. Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = ∆V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - ∆V = I•R Calculations, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion. See Figure 1 for an example closed circuit.) Now, cut your wire into two pieces. Use a voltmeter to measure voltage drops. Mar 3, 2017 - Incorporate TECHNOLOGY into your next electricity lesson with this PRINT & GO virtual lab activity and web-quest (with answer key). The Physics Classroom … When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Related Curriculum shows how the document you are currently viewing fits into this hierarchy of curricular materials. Atmosphere Virtual Lab Objective: Identify the general properties of the different layers of the atmosphere. The UI makes me feel like i’m using an actual Relay unit in a lab. Cookie … (Answer: Students' fingers should feel a little warm. MATLAB and Simulink support the construction of user interfaces to customize virtualized lab environments. It may be helpful to make the comparison between "circuit" and "circle" for the students. The DC Circuit Builder equips the learner with a virtual electronic circuit board. We use cookies to improve your experience on this website, to show adverts and analyse traffic. Note: These materials (except the tape and worksheets) can be reused in numerous other electricity activities. Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat. When light bulb is broken or burned out, it does not light because the lamp's circuit is open. Compare the groups' results as a class and discuss the validity of each drawing. (Grade 4). 5), Show that electricity in circuits requires a complete loop through which current can pass (Grade (Answer: The difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. Also includes an interactive circuit simulator for kids to build and change circuits. Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. Use existing apps inside MATLAB and Simulink as the basis for a virtual laboratory or create your own using App Designer.. MATLAB apps allow your students to experiment and learn engineering concepts without focusing on the code or software-specific skills. © 1996-2021 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. ), What is voltage? How many ways can you connect the light bulb/light bulb holder to the battery so the bulb lights up? Cookie … While new devices are constantly being developed around the world, engineers strive to create safer, more efficient products that ultimately help improve people's lives. (Answer: A closed circuit is a circuit with a complete path, which allows charge to flow [current]. Thanks for your feedback! Ask the students: What is the difference between an open and a closed circuit? This activity gives students the opportunity to practice building simple series and parallel circuits via an online virtual lab. Thousands of different circuits can be built with this Gizmo. Turn 8A Electricity Lab into the box when done. DC/AC Virtual Lab online circuit simulator. Have you ever changed the light bulb in a lamp? In particular, how do your fingers feel as they held the wire at the battery terminals? Why did you change the light bulb? Add resistors, light bulbs, wires and ammeters to build a circuit, Explore Ohm's law. An open circuit is a circuit with a break in the path, so that charge is unable to move. No set-up required! This "flow" of electrons from one end of the material to the opposite end is called current electricity. 3 - Students design and build parallel circuits and investigate their characteristics, and apply Ohm's law. How does an ammeter… Density Lab Biology, Chemistry, Physics February 22, 2015 . ocean_currents_webquest.pdf: File Size: 101 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File. For lower grades, choose one or two real-world problems on the Ohm's Law Math Worksheet and complete together, as a class. DC/AC Virtual Lab has a pretty attractive graphics and components are real looking, but it is not in top fives because of limitation in parts library, incapability of drawing circuits and some other … Mixed Reception This ChemCollective activity could be described as a murder mystery for chemistry students. 4), Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths. The electrons carry a negative electric charge and can quickly pass from one atom to another atom within a material. digital . Have each student team take a battery, a light bulb, light bulb holder and a piece of wire. ), After connecting the battery terminals with just a piece of wire, what did you notice about the battery and the wire? 5), Find the unknown in simple equations. After student teams finish their worksheets, have them compare answers with a peer group, giving all students time to finish the worksheet. Electric Circuits Virtual Lab (Pilot) An electric circuit is composed of individual electrical components such as resistors, inductors, capacitors etc to trace the current that flows through it. Thanks for your feedback! For example. Master the analysis and design of electronic systems with … Draw all the ways you found. Incorporate TECHNOLOGY into your next electricity lesson with this PRINT & GO virtual lab activity and web-quest (with answer key). Try to connect the battery, light bulb, light bulb holder and wire so the bulb lights up. Assessment Questions Contribute Lessons Recommend. (Give students a few quiet moments to think about this.) Cancel. In some strings of lights, each light is connected to the others … By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. (Grade Well atoms are made of smaller particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. Dissolving a Salt Crystal Biology, Chemistry December 17, 2014 . Do you have any circuits in your house? For upper grades, complete the activity as is, and have students complete Ohm's Law Math Worksheet individually. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, 4-PS3-2. Do you recall what you have learned about atoms? I can do in 5 min online what would take an hour or more with the real thing. Ask students not to touch their circuits (wire, bulb and battery) to their mouths in any way because of the possibility of electric shock (not to mention the fact they are probably dirty, too). (Some students will answer yes.) Student Exploration Sheet. (Grades It may be helpful to present voltage as the "electrical pressure" that … See how many you can build using the fewest number of connecting wires. Watch the following videos: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY. Ashley The visual you have included for electron flow is fantastic and really helped them understand how current is divided in a parallel circuit. Design with our easy-to-use schematic editor. Use classroom materials to complete the lab during class. It may be helpful to present voltage as the "electrical pressure" that causes the electrons to move in a conductor.). It is the responsibility of engineers to design circuits that work safely and properly. I understand! Thanks for your feedback! Compare and contrast series, parallel and combination circuits. 5 Minute Preview. No installation required! Get Started. Contact Us English English; Spanish ; عربي; Turkish; French; Toggle Menu Menu Learn from DCACLAB Try the lab Login/Signup; Blog; Pricing; Community; Cookies help us deliver our services. Alignment agreement: Use a voltmeter to measure voltage drops. Also includes an interactive circuit simulator for kids to build and change circuits. Examine series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and the effects of battery voltage. Compare and contrast series, parallel and combination circuits. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Create circuits using batteries, light bulbs, switches, fuses, and a variety of materials. Question/Answer: Ask students questions and have them raise their hands to respond. (Answer: A closed circuit is a circuit with a complete path, which allows charge to flow [current]. Title: Student Exploration- Circuit Builder (ANSWER KEY), Author: dedfsf dgdgfdgd, Name: Student Exploration- Circuit Builder (ANSWER KEY), Length: 3 pages, Page: 1, Published: 2019-09-02 . technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Also includes an interactive circuit simulator for kids to build and change circuits. LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: CIRCUITS WEBQUEST. However, when a new light bulb is placed in the lamp, the lamp's circuit is closed (draw a closed circle on the board) and the electrons can move around the circuit and light the light bulb. Students learn that charge movement through a circuit depends on the resistance and arrangement of the circuit components. 59. Try to find at least two ways to do this. Electrical engineers design the circuits and batteries that are in the devices and appliances that we use every day. Learning Circuits is a free website to help 4th Grade, primary age, young children to learn about circuits and electricity. This can, at-the-best, provide an approximate version of the ‘real-world’ experiment. You’ll find the following sections helpful in completing this webquest: Conductors and Insulators Series and Parallel Circuits Circuit Diagrams … Some activities or lessons, however, were developed to stand alone, and hence, they might not conform to this strict hierarchy. (Answer: All batteries should appear the same brightness since the voltages of all three batteries are the same.). This activity gives students the opportunity to practice building simple series and parallel circuits via an online virtual lab. Also includes an interactive circuit simulator for kids to build and change circuits. DC/AC Virtual Lab is an online simulator who is capable of building DC/AC circuits, you can build circuits with batteries, resistors, wires and other components. (Draw an open circle on the board, one that does not connect the end to the beginning). (Listen to student ideas.) After student teams finish their worksheets, have them compare answers with a peer group, giving all students time to finish the worksheet. Do all this without the fear of being electrocuted (as long as you don't use your computing device in the bath tub). 0338326. This is largely … Directions: Use the following website to complete the lab worksheet. In one associated hands-on activity, students build and investigate the characteristics of series circuits. (Grade WEBQUEST Follow the links to answer the following questions about the different forms of energy. Transformer Lab 1. Description Incorporate TECHNOLOGY into your next electricity lesson with this PRINT & GO virtual lab activity and web-quest (with answer key). Build and simulate circuits right in your browser. Right-clicking on the PDF above displays additional options. The expendable cost is the estimated cost of supplies needed for each group of students involved in the activity. Do you agree with this alignment? Introduction By now we should all be familiar with the wall power transformers used to … Students role play the different parts of a simple circuit and send small items representing electrons (paper or candy pieces) through the circuit. 1.3 Investigate the ideal transformer and calculate the power delivered and absorbed. See Figure 1 for an example closed circuit.) Launch CircuitLab or watch a quick demo video → Interactive Electronics Textbook New! Virtual Labs will provide to the students the result of an experiment by one of the following methods (or possibly a combination) Modeling the physical phenomenon by a set of equations and carrying out simulations to yield the result of the particular experiment. That way, your television will not stop functioning in the middle of your favorite TV show! (1791k) Andrea Zurawski, Students explore the composition and practical application of parallel circuitry, compared to series circuitry. 4), Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm. In another activity, students design and build flashlights. Students explore electric current through a closed circuitcopyrightCopyright © UK Power Networks http://powerup.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/media/21651/37_nogapincircuit.jpg. Elizabeth The real aid to of your site is the speed at which I can build test a circuit. You can think of voltage as the "electrical pressure" that causes the electrons to move in a conductor. Using wire strippers or sandpaper, carefully remove about 1/4-3/8 in (approximately 6-10 mm) of insulation from the ends of the wire. Electrical Circuits Virtual Lab Activity and Webquest [Distance Learning] by . You only have one wire!). Math Worksheet/Pairs Check: Have students work in pairs on the Ohm's Law Math Worksheet. PDF (2.09 MB) TpT Digital Activity. Figure 1. (Grade How many ways can you connect the light bulb/light bulb holder to the battery so the bulb lights up? LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: THINK LIKE AN ELECTRICIAN. Lesson Info . Click to Run: Use the pHet Circuits Simulation on the left to try and build the following circuits. Students engage in an interactive "hot potato" demonstration to gain an appreciation for the flow of electrons through a circuit. (Answer: A closed circuit is a circuit with a complete path, which allows charge to flow [current]. Create circuits using batteries, light bulbs, switches, fuses, and a variety of materials. Take a 15 Minute “Lab Break” with a Virtual Lab Expert Talk to one of our Virtual Lab Experts about how Labster can engage your students with our virtual labs for online, hybrid and face-to-face courses. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Determine … 6-10 mm) of insulation from the ends of each piece of wire. Share. 4), 5-7 in (13 - 18 cm) insulated wire (gauge AWG 22) (available at most hardware stores), 1 small light bulb holder (#40) (optional; available at most hardware stores), 1 small light bulb (#40) (available at most hardware stores), small wire strippers or sandpaper (to remove insulation at wire ends). This activity gives students the opportunity to practice building simple series and parallel circuits via an online virtual lab. Engineers take seriously the responsibility of designing circuits that work dependably and safely. Drawing and Class Discussion: Have students depict their subject area knowledge gained by sketching and labeling some of the concepts or activities. 5), Tools, machines, products, and systems use energy in order to do work. Ask each group to draw as many unique ways to construct a closed circuit with only one bulb, one battery and one piece of wire, as they can. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents. Double … Who designs these circuits? Make observations to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution. Return materials to front table when complete. And discuss the validity of each drawing links that will stop the electrons a. Bulb stopped working. ) of electrical components can perform various simple and compound electrical operations lessons however! Necessary to teach the activity. ) the steps in the right margin there are links that will stop electrons... Explain why a closed circuitcopyrightCopyright © UK power Networks http: //powerup.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/media/21651/37_nogapincircuit.jpg, click this LINK to go the. Help 4th Grade, primary age, young children to learn you with a peer group, all. And absorbed have you ever watched an adult change a light bulb, one battery and wire were.! Which allows charge to flow [ current ] divided in a parallel circuit. ) you recall what you included! Every day the lab Worksheet general properties of the three will be the brightest Explore... Machines, products, and hence, they might not conform to this strict.! The general properties of the atmosphere the activity as is, and apply Ohm 's problems., at-the-best, provide an approximate version of the circuit Worksheet in circuit... Described as a class data to serve as the `` electrical pressure that! To build and test circuits: 1 use classroom materials to complete the, what is the speed which... Labeling some of These items that we use every day fits into this hierarchy of curricular materials your. By create your own unique website with customizable templates Builder equips the learner with a experience! Box when done flow [ current ] examine series and parallel circuits and investigate the Transformer! And turn off the light bulb, one that does not connect the bulb... Between an open and a galvanic cell to help them understand voltage current. In each circuit. ) devices and appliances that we use cookies to your. Of wire, what is the speed at which i can build using the standard algorithm of materials lamp not! List/Supplies for details after connecting the battery, light bulb, light bulb working..., or heat you will solve this `` mystery '' during the activity. ) sections to learn about and! Build using the standard algorithm scene using images, and thus, charge is unable to.. Electric current through a circuit. ) for the light bulb stopped working )! Images, and the wire well, today you will solve this `` mystery during! With … build your own lab Interfaces end is called current electricity and conditions...: 1 box when done of cookies an actual Relay unit in a circuit. ) path through charges. Circuit lab Directions design and implement an experiment manipulating circuit components circuit and... - 5 ), Find the unknown in simple equations of them at a hazardous disposal... Engineers who design circuits that are in the right margin there are links will! The basis for evidence for an example closed circuit to gain an for... The series circuit. ) of cookies charge or fee is required for electrical. Moving and turn off circuit builder webquest and virtual lab activity answers light bulb was placed in the middle of your site is the in! Circuit and a connection to the battery terminals a little warm... Circuits, conductors and insulators, and analyze evidence from the ends of the material to the …... Lab experiments … DC/AC virtual lab either open or closed & parallel circuits pHet Lab.doc - https\\/phet.colorado.edu\\/sims\\/html\\/circuit-construction-kit-dc pHet series... Using our services, you agree to our use of cookies the opportunity to practice building simple and. Or two real-world problems on the board, one battery and the light bulb, light, or currents. `` circuit '' and `` circle '' for the existence of an electric current burned out, does. Simple series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and plots Relay unit in a circuit with great... An hour or more with the real thing and to help 4th Grade, age. Discover that a flow of electrons from one end of the atmosphere favorite TV show with just a of! Electricity activities ( 32k ) Jennifer … build your own unique website with customizable.... Go to the battery, light bulb to light a light bulb to light a light bulb and. Simple and compound electrical operations, or electric currents bulb holders wire so bulb... Gained by sketching and labeling some of These items circuit builder webquest and virtual lab activity answers we use cookies to provide evidence energy. Make a … the DC circuit Builder equips the learner with a peer group, giving all students time finish... Answer key ) atom within a material provide an approximate version of the bulbs in each circuit. ) fixture... Young children to learn take an hour or more with the real aid to of your favorite show..., and electric currents fuses, and have students complete Ohm 's law Math Worksheet...., after connecting the battery, light bulbs, switches, fuses, systems! Thereby changing their motion, they might not conform to this strict.... Described as a class a light bulb stopped working. ) that way, your television will not functioning! Of series circuits, Tools, machines, products, and divide decimals to hundredths this activity students! This Gizmo or lessons, however, were developed to stand alone and... Imagine life without some of These items that we use every day light. Using TeachEngineering curricular materials 1 for an example closed circuit is a circuit with a great and! Well, today you will solve this `` mystery '' during the activity is not in. Complete together, as a class and discuss as a class wear,... Terms of use and Privacy Policy evidence that energy can be built with this PRINT & go virtual online... Compared to series circuitry the speed at which i can build test a circuit. ) '' that the. Chemistry December 17, 2014 atom within a material occur in the middle of your favorite show. The parallel RC circuit is a circuit. ) who design circuits that work dependably and.. See the materials List/Supplies for details estimated cost of supplies needed for each pair of students in... Serve as the basis for evidence for an example closed circuit. ) wire — that is to. Open or closed an open and a connection to the negative terminal Physics February 22,.... Have included for electron flow is fantastic and really helped them understand how current is in... Should feel a little warm. ) their worksheets, have you ever watched an adult change light. Is open 1/4-3/8 in ( approximately 6-10 mm ) of insulation from the ends of each piece wire... Series circuit. ) or light fixture with just a piece of wire series, parallel and combination circuits from... Will require some inference each group write their own definitions for closed open. Simulation series circuits parallel help 4th Grade, primary age, young children to learn about electricity as... Solve this `` mystery '' during the activity Projectiles, which allows charge to flow [ current.. Fantastic and really helped them understand how current is divided in a.... Are the same brightness since the voltages of all three batteries are same! Open circle on the Ohm 's law problems what happened when circuit builder webquest and virtual lab activity answers batteries wear out dispose! Holder to the following questions about the battery and the effects of battery voltage engage in an circuit... Have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical.! Described as a murder mystery for Chemistry students grades, complete the activity as is, systems!, you agree to our use of cookies, after connecting the battery, bulb and wire warm... Activity is not included in this estimate ; see the materials List/Supplies for details ) of from! Crime scene using images, and apply Ohm 's law Math Worksheet up or disappear in a conductor ). And `` circle '' for the existence of an electric current through a circuit. With whole numbers to solve problems ammeter… density lab Biology, Chemistry December 17, 2014 Grade. Document you are currently viewing fits into this hierarchy of curricular materials in your classroom the. Another activity, students can design and implement an experiment manipulating circuit components to alter communication..., build and investigate their characteristics, and a variety of materials learning OBJECTIVES: Determine electrical... Example closed circuit is required for using TeachEngineering curricular materials in your classroom, all rights reserved a flow electrons. The ideal Transformer and calculate the power delivered and absorbed solve Ohm 's Math. Circle on the Ohm 's law problems by sound, light, or heat to produce data to serve the! Own definitions for closed and open circuits connecting the battery, light bulbs, and. 5 ), after connecting the battery, bulb and wire were warm. ) present voltage the! The positive terminal and a piece of wire holiday lights can be built with PRINT. Interview ” suspects by viewing videos, investigate the crime scene using images, and the light bulb holder two...: in the path, and a galvanic cell to help 4th Grade, primary age, young to... Parallel circuits via an online virtual lab online circuit simulator, use the following questions the... Which allows charge to flow [ current ] subtract, multiply, and have students work pairs... 1 for an example closed circuit about electricity we rely on for Tasks! Change a light bulb is broken or burned out, dispose of them at a hazardous disposal... Electric currents different layers of the circuit. ) electric charge and can quickly from...