During El Niño events, sea surface temperatures increase in the Northeast Pacific and vertical wind shear decreases. [8] During summer and early autumn, sea surface temperatures rise further, reaching 29 °C (84 °F) in July and August, well above the 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) threshold for the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. During the summer and early autumn months, sea surface temperatures are generally warm enough to support tropical cyclone development in the Northeast Pacific, and perhaps even rapid intensification. A Category 2 hurricane is defined by the National Hurricane Center as a tropical cyclone with winds of at least 83 knots (96 mph; 154 km/h; 43 m/s), but not greater than 95 knots (109 mph; 176 km/h; 49 m/s) on the Saffir-Simpson Scale, which was developed in 1971. Another factor preventing tropical cyclones from forming during the winter is the presence of a semi-permanent low-pressure area called the Aleutian Low between January and April. [11] Contrary to El Niño, La Niña events increase wind shear and decreases sea surface temperatures over the eastern Pacific, while reducing wind shear and increasing sea surface temperatures over the Atlantic. The central Pacific is located between the 140th meridian west and the International Date Line. Hurricane Wind Classifications: Category 2. The Great Rainstorm, The (Toronto) Globe, September 14, 1878, page 8. [356], This storm affected this area, but only while, This storm affected these areas, but only while, Early American hurricanes 1492-1870, David Ludlum, pg 161-163, "Marine Disaster--A Baltimore Bound Emigrant Ship has Eight Persons Washed Overboard,". Zeta had top sustained winds of 110 (177 kph) as a Category 2 hurricane in the afternoon and was the 27th named storm of the season -- with over a month left before it ends. Five storms made landfall twice each, namely Irah (1973), Paul (1982), Adolph (1983), Calvin (1993), and Marty (2003); Paul made both landfalls at Category 2 strength. The storm continued strengthening Wednesday as it raced across the Gulf of Mexico toward the storm-weary coast … These hurricanes reached Category 2 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale at their peak. Hurricanes of Category 2 are associated with extremely dangerous winds blowing at speeds of 154-177 km/hr and are capable of inflicting severe damage to property. ", "Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season", "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2019", "TCFAQ A15) How do tropical cyclones form? Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher are considered major hurricanes because of their potential for significant loss of life and damage. Zeta is the fifth tropical storm to strike Louisiana this year. Since records began in 1851, a total of 245 tropical cyclones have peaked at this intensity. Only one has occurred in the off-season: Hurricane Pali of 2016, which developed on January 7, and marks the earliest formation of a tropical cyclone in the Northeastern Pacific basin on record. According to the US National Weather Service, Zeta has central sustained winds topping 110 miles per hour , as the storm … Large branches of trees may snap, and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. [3] Tropical cyclones occur less frequently in the central Pacific than in the east Pacific, with some years featuring no systems forming or crossing into the basin. Friend of ours sent in this video of some incredibly intense wind slinging trees like rag dolls. [1] Since records began in 1851, a total of 245 tropical cyclones have peaked at this intensity. Collectively, 1,775 people have been killed as a result of Category 2 Pacific hurricanes. Iota has strengthened into a category 2 hurricane as it barrels toward Central America, a region still recovering from the devastation of Hurricane Eta, and experts predict this year's unprecedented storm season will force more people to migrate. As the disturbances travel northward, they dissipate or transition into an extratropical cyclone. Category 1 and 2 storms are still … Tropical cyclones that strengthen to Category 2 status and make landfall are capable of causing severe damage to human lives and infrastructure. During the month of May, the Intertropical Convergence Zone migrates southward while vertical shear over the tropics decreases. Page 2", "Preliminary Report: Hurricane Josephine – 7 to 21 October 1984", "Hurricane Josephine moves away from land", Preliminary Report Hurricane Dean 31 July - 8 August 1989, Preliminary Report Hurricane Erin (18 - 27 August, 1989), "Hurricane Grace Preliminary Report (Page One)", Tropical Storm Bonnie Discussion Number 40, "Hurricane Florence Preliminary Report Page 1", "Hurricane Florence Preliminary Report Page 2", Preliminary Storm Report for Hurricane Erin, Tropical Cyclones Affecting Trinidad and Tobago, 1725 to 2000, Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion Number 1, "Tropical Cyclones which affected the Bahamas", Cyclone Season of 1999 on the North Atlantic Ocean, "Hurricane Irene pulls plug on 700,000 utility customers", Historical Tropical Cyclone (Hurricane) Information for Anguilla from 1955-2000, Hurricane Michael Tropical Cyclone Report, Tropical Depression Seventeen Discussion Number 1, "Hurricane Humberto Tropical Cyclone Report", "Hurricane Gustav Tropical Cyclone Report", "Newfoundland hit with heavy rain, Gustav leaves land", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Danielle, "Tormenta 'Dolly' se llevó la arena de playas de Cancún", "El huracán 'Ida' deja al menos 40.000 damnificados en Nicaragua", "Huracán deja estela de daños en la RAAS", "Guatemala: Daños en agricultura se incrementan con tormenta Alex", "Furia de Alex obliga a miles a dejar su hogar", "Hurricane Paula Lashes Honduras, Nears Yucatan", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Richard, "Richard becomes hurricane, heads for tiny Belize", "Belize Zoo Ravaged By Hurricane Richard", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ernesto, "Panhandle Beaches Brace for Ernesto's Waves", "Ernesto, thunderstorms cause dangerous conditions on Gulf Coast", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gordon, "Hurricane Gordon causes minor damage in Azores, losing intensity", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Arthur, "Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: June 30, 2014", "Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: July 1, 2014", "Hurricane Arthur Tropical Cyclone Update", "Man drowns trying to save other swimmer at Outer Banks beach", "Police: Man drowns amid dangerous rip currents at Nantucket beach", Tropical Depression Fifteen-E Advisory Number 1, "México: 65 muertos por sismo, dos por huracán Katia", "Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 5", Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Helene, "Passagem de tempestade tropical Helene provoca queda de árvores, postes e antenas de telecomunicações", "Double tragedy in Jamaica – Father killed, daughter missing after landslide covers house", South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclones, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Category_2_Atlantic_hurricanes&oldid=990959829, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 14:20. [10], The El Niño-Southern Oscillation also influences the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Northeast Pacific basin. Category two hurricane:A hurricane with winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kt or 154-177 km/hr). and H.F. Diaz, 1995b "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources : 1851-1880 Part II: 1871-1880" Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO. E Partagas, J.F. Hurricane Zeta has made landfall on the Louisiana coast on Wednesday, striking the US Gulf Coast as a Category 2 storm. Considerable damage to mobile homes, … Hurricanes and tropical storms are unpredictable beasts. Additionally, El Niño events cause more powerful hurricanes to form by generating weaker wind shear and higher sea surface temperatures, while La Niña events reduce the number of such hurricanes by doing the opposite. The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) The storm's origins are unclear because … [6][7], Tropical cyclones occurring within the Northeast Pacific before 1970 were classified into three categories: tropical depression, tropical storm, and hurricane; these were assigned intensities of 30 mph (45 km/h), 50 mph (85 km/h), and 85 mph (140 km/h) respectively. The basin is further divided into the east and central Pacific sub-basins. Ancestry.com. June, 1886", 10.1175/1520-0493(1886)146[c1:CITOAO]2.0.CO;2, 10.1175/1520-0493(1886)14[147b:AP]2.0.CO;2, "Appendix 2: Cyclones that may have 25+ deaths", The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996, https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18930903.2.3, http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml, "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources: Year 1896", 10.1175/1520-0493(1896)247[c1:CITOCO]2.0.CO;2, 10.1175/1520-0493(1896)24[230:LS]2.0.CO;2, "Virginia Hurricane History: Late Nineteenth Century", The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996, Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective, "Rare Hurricane Pounds Cape Verde Islands", "Kirk has formed in the eastern tropical Atlantic at 8.3°N", "The New Jersey Hurricane of September 16, 1903", A Hurricane in the West Indies in March, 1908, "Weather, Forecasts and Warnings for the Month", 10.1175/1520-0493(1910)38<1456:WFAWFT>2.0.CO;2, "The Small Hurricane of August 11–12, 1911 at Pensacola, FLA", 10.1175/1520-0493(1911)39<1149:TSHOAA>2.0.CO;2, "Charleston in Grip of Fatal Hurricane; At Least Seven Lives Taken and $1,000,000 Damage Done by Wind and Water", 10.1175/1520-0493(1911)39<1453:WFAWFT>2.0.CO;2, "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT) Meta Data, 1926–1930", "Storm Curves Away; Florida to Miss Blow", "Fruit and Coffee Areas Hard Hit by Hurricane", "Communication With Porto Rico Interior Restored", 10.1175/1520-0493(1932)60<227:NAON>2.0.CO;2, "Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean", "The Deadliest Atlantic Hurricanes, 1492–1996", 10.1175/1520-0493(1933)61<200b:TDOJ>2.0.CO;2, "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT - 1934", "The Tropical Disturbance of June 5–23", 10.1175/1520-0493(1934)62<202:TTDOJ>2.0.CO;2, "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996", "The Atlantic-Gulf of Mexico Hurricane of October 30 to November 8, 1935", 10.1175/1520-0493(1935)63<316:TAOMHO>2.0.CO;2, "Tropical Disturbance of May 18–27, 1940; Tropical Disturbances of August 1940; Tropical Disturbances of September 1940; Tropical Disturbances of October 1940", 10.1175/1520-0493(1940)068<0280:tdoo>2.0.co;2, 10.1175/1520-0493(1940)068<0253:WOTNAO>2.0.CO;2, Monthly Weather Review: North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1943, "Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships", Monthly Weather Review: North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1945, The "Unrecorded" Hurricane of October 1945, "First Winds Strike Coast as Florida Stands by for Hurricane Lashings", "Hurricane Hits Mexico; 3 Killed, 19 Injured", North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1949, Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586: An historical perspective, "Hurricane Fizzling Out After Blasting Texas", "Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Baker (1950)", "Hurricane Nears Bermuda; Winds Rake Texas Coast", "Hurricane Spends Itself In Coastal Mountains", "Storm Causes Widespread Damage in South Florida", "The Climatology for Quantitative Rainfall (CLIQR) for tropical cyclones graphical user interface extended best track database", "Hurricane Not Expected to Hit Main Hard", 10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0314:atho>2.0.co;2, Floods of August 1955 in the Northeastern States, "Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1955", 10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0315:HO>2.0.CO;2, "Hurricane Buffets Haiti, Moving Away from U.S.", "No Danger as Hurricane Katie Goes Out to Sea", 10.1175/1520-0493(1956)084<0436:HSO>2.0.CO;2, 10.1175/1520-0493(1958)086<0477:thso>2.0.co;2, "Ella Hits Cuba; Gale And Rain On Florida Keys", "Hurricanes - General Information for Bermuda", Report on Hurricane Anna – July 20, 1961, "Casualties Attributable to Hurricane Ella", Hurricane Edith, September 23-28, 1963, preliminary report with advisories and bulletins issued, The Affects of Hurricane "Edith" to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands September 26-27, 1963, TIROS VII Infrared Radiation Coverage of the 1963 Atlantic Hurricane Season With Supporting Television and Conventional Meteorological Data, "Preliminary Report on Hurricane Ginny October 19 to 27 1963", Hurricanes – General Information for Bermuda, Hurricane Laurie...Gulf of Mexico October 18-26, 1969, "The unnamed Atlantic Tropical Storms Of 1970", 10.1175/1520-0493(1971)099<0966:TUATSO>2.3.CO;2, "Hurricane Ginger September 5 – October 5 (Page 2)", "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in 1974: Part 2", 10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0550:ENPTCP>2.0.CO;2, "Aid Efforts Start For Honduras, Fifi Deaths Soar", "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976: Hurricane Emmy, 20 August-4 September", 10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0497:AHSO>2.0.CO;2, "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1976: Hurricane Gloria, 26 September-4 October", 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0973:AHSO>2.0.CO;2, "Tropical Storm Jeanne, a freak November hurricane that quickly...", "Hurricane Gert Preliminary Report. The only deviations from these procedures occurred when humans were able to take pressure and/or wind measurements. ", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, "TCFAQ F1) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there? Power lines are usually snapped of… In the central Pacific basin, the North Pacific High keeps tropical cyclones away from the Hawaiian Islands by forcing them southwards. Storms that also attained Category 3, 4, or 5 status on the scale are not included. Prior to 1988 for the Eastern Pacific and 2001 for the Central Pacific, pressure data was only able from direct measurements by reconnaissance aircraft that penetrated the storm or reports from ships and land-based weather stations, or estimates derived from satellite imagery. It currently has the Central Pacific Hurricane Center as its RSMC. Category 2 is a level on the Saffir-Simpson scale, which rates the intensity of hurricanes based on their sustained wind speed. When a storm's wind speed is between 83 knots (96 mph; 154 km/h; 43 m/s) and 95 knots (109 mph; 176 km/h; 49 m/s), it is classified as a Category 2. winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kt) Some structural damage to small residences and … Category 2 was designed as the fourth-highest category on the scale. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. [10] Combined with cooler waters around the Hawaiian Islands that tend to weaken tropical cyclones that approach them, this makes direct impacts on the Hawaiian Islands by tropical cyclones rare. [6] Due lack of specific wind and pressure records, there have been only two confirmed Category 2 hurricanes prior to 1970. [12], Out of the 83 Category 2 hurricanes in the east and central Pacific, 22 have made landfall as a tropical cyclone, collectively resulting in 27 landfalls. Because of this, an increase in tropical cyclone activity occurs; the opposite happens in the Atlantic basin during El Niño, where increased wind shear creates an unfavorable environment for tropical cyclone formation. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1 to 5 rating based on a hurricane's sustained wind speed. Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 [database on-line]. Structural damages to homes might also be caused, and poorly constructed houses can also be lifted by the high-speed winds of Category 2 hurricanes. Closer to the end of the season, the subtropical ridge steers some storms northwards or northeastwards. The storm, packing fierce wi… CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, "The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale", "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)", "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899", "Continental U.S. Hurricanes: 1851 to 1920", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565–1899, Chronological List of All Hurricanes: 1851 – 2012, Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586 - An Historical Perspective, The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones with 25+ deaths, "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT", "Continental U.S. Hurricanes: 1851 to 1930, 1983 to 2010", "Fundy's Minas Basin: Multiplying the Pluses of Minas", "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones with 25+ deaths", "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources, Part II: 1871–1880", "Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565-1899", "Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586-An Historical Perspective", "Hurricanes Hit Canada More Frequently Than You Think", "Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586 - An Historical Perspective", The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996: Cyclones that may have 25+ deaths, "A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources, Part III: 1881–1890", "Chart I. ", "Hurricanes: The Greatest Storms on Earth: Feature Articles", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Hawaii Hurricanes: How Unusual Are They? It has since weakened to a Category 2, with winds of 110 mph. [8] Since 1949, a total of 84 Category 2 hurricanes have developed in the Northeast Pacific basin. The Saffir-Simpson scale now attempts to categorize primarily wind speeds and is n… Category 2 is the fourth-highest classification on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Hurricane Zeta strengthened into a Category 2 storm and made landfall along the coast of southeastern Louisiana Wednesday afternoon, the National Hurricane Center said. If a storm is a Category 3, 4 or 5, it is deemed a "major" hurricane due to the potential for "significant loss of life and damage," the National Hurricane … [2], Since HURDAT began in 1851, Atlantic hurricanes have been tracked. Packing maximum sustained winds of 110 mph, Hurricane Delta made landfall Wednesday along the northeastern Mexican coast of the Yucatan Peninsula as a Category 2 storm, the National Hurricane Cente… Page 1", "Hurricane Gert Preliminary Report. Original data: Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. When a pre-existing tropical disturbance – usually a tropical wave or a disturbance originating in the Intertropical Convergence Zone – enters an area where the aforementioned conditions are present, the disturbance can develop into a tropical cyclone, provided it is far enough from the equator to experience a sufficiently strong Coriolis force, which causes the counterclockwise rotation of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere. [1], The Northeast Pacific tropical cyclone basin is the area of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and east of the International Date Line. When a storm's wind speed is between 83 knots (96 mph; 154 km/h; 43 m/s) and 95 knots (109 mph; 176 km/h; 49 m/s), it is classified as a Category 2. How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones? No Category 2 Pacific hurricane to date has made landfall more than twice. [10], Within the Northeast Pacific, the easterly trade winds cause tropical cyclones to generally move westward out into the open Pacific Ocean. Residents stand outside a home surrounded by floodwaters brought on by Hurricane Eta in Wawa, Nicaragua, Tuesday, Nov. 3, 2020 (AP) BILWI: Eta was downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane Tuesday even as it continued to pummel Nicaragua, killing two people there and one in neighboring Honduras as it … United States for minimizing hurricane damage minimizing hurricane damage to power lines are usually snapped of… the! Database on-line ] it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones that strengthen to Category 2 storms obviously... 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The Southeast United States landfall on the scale Mexico and occasionally even central America 84 Category 2 hurricanes to. Over the tropics decreases, making storm preparation vital for minimizing hurricane damage and animals due flying. Blown down humans and animals due to flying debris are obviously more severe than Category 1, still... Occasionally even central America page 8 meridian west, with winds of 110 mph North America and 140th! Poles could result in power outages that could last from a few to several days severe damage power...